The "Toppy 3" Boeing 929 Jetfoil is a passenger-carrying waterjet-propelled hydrofoil design by
Boeing, now licensed to the Japanese company Kawasaki Heavy Industries.
It was launched in 1974, runs on 2 Rolls-Royce Allison 501KF Gas Turbine engines
and can carry from 250 to 350 passengers at a speed of 45 knots (51 mph).
Why aren't hydrofoils more common?
Hydrofoils are specialized. They work very well under specific criteria, but not otherwise.
They're basically only good for transporting relatively light cargo loads at high speeds.
The only time you generally see them successfully employed is in ferry operations, where they're continually
transporting a few thousand pounds of people and cars over a short distance.
Drawbacks:
• Weight is severely restricted by the size and shape of the hydrofoil.
• Requires lots of power to reach and maintain planing speeds.
• Increased engine size reduces cargo capacity.
• The hydrofoil itself is vulnerable to debris and shallow depths.
• Hull requires significant reinforcement to support the weight of the craft on the spars.
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